The Doctor is IN!

The numbers game

I have frequent requests in my writing classes to explain how to express numbers in technical and business writing. Let me be honest with you: I can’t possibly cover all the variables involved in writing numbers in this brief post. In fact, I could actually shorten this article dramatically if I just said: “Consult your chosen style guide.”

For most business and technical writing, I preach that the style guide of choice is
The Gregg Reference Manual
, which

Gregg Reference Manual

has a 30-page section on how to use figures or words to express numbers (Part 1, Section 4). The first four pages prescribe the basic rules, which I will summarize here:

Use words to represent numbers from 1 through 10 (for example: one, two three . . . ten) and use figures for numbers above 10. (Rule 401)

We sent six people to the conference.

I lost only 11 files when my computer crashed.

Use all figures for 1 through 10 when the numbers need to stand out for quick comprehension or have technical significance (Rule 401).

Cut the wire strip into 1-cm lengths.

Use words to represent numbers at the beginning of a sentence (Rule 401).

Sixteen employees called in sick with the flu.

When two or more related numbers appear in the same sentence, use figures for all numbers if one of the numbers is larger than 10.

We have always sent between 10 and 20 employees to the conference.

Use word style for numbers from 1 through 100 when writing high-level executive correspondence or nontechnical documents such as formal announcements, invitations, or literary texts (rule 404).

Other style guides differ from this advice (for example, The American Medical Association Manual of Style prescribes using figures for numbers 1 and above [with a few exceptions]). Be sure to consult any style guides that you are required to use in your job or industry.

Ready for your quiz? http://survey.constantcontact.com/survey/a07e6x0pxjshbzh3li9/start

Recently released: The Copyeditor’s Handbook (a great resource)

 The Copy Editor’s Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, 3rd edition, is a comprehensive resource for both new and experienced editors. The preface acknowledges the author’s intent to help new copyeditors: “This handbook is addressed to new and aspiring copyeditors who will be working on nonfiction books, journal articles, newsletters, and corporate publications. . . [because style manuals] assume that their readers already understand what copyeditors do, why the rules matter, and how and when to apply, bend, or break the rules.”

I would argue, however, that even established editors would benefit from this text as an overview and reminder of our complex tasks and decisions. It was good to see an acknowledgment of the intricacies of editorial judgment and to watch a professional walk through the research that informs her judgments. Even after years of editing, I learned something in every chapter I read.

My other argument with Amy Einsohn, the author, is that she has based the book on The Chicago Manual of Style, whose explicit purpose is to set style for academic publishing (specifically at the University of Chicago), not necessarily for “book publishing and corporate communications” as Einsohn has specified. I also wonder why she fails to mention The Gregg Reference Manual, my favorite style manual for all things business because it addresses far more relevant issues than does Chicago.

Nevertheless, Einsohn redeems herself with 15 editing exercises sprinkled throughout the chapters (the answers alone take up 66 pages). The richness of this book almost makes me wish that I would experience a very minor injury or illness that would sideline me for just one day so that I could curl up, finish the book, and take the quizzes.

The Copy Editor’s Handbook: A Guide for Book Publishing and Corporate Communications, 3rd Edition
Amy Einsohn
University of California Press
2011
About $15

Tour de Style Manuals

If you’d like a demonstration of democratic unproductivity, try settling writing style issues like the serial comma or the hyphenation of the word “e-mail”  in a group. Months later, you’ll still be arguing (and the national debate on health care will look tame by comparison).

That’s why I recommend that each work group, department, division, or company adopt a published style manual and mandate strict adherence to that particular style to increase the consistency of their written messages.  (To see a comprehensive matrix of 12 style manuals, visit www.textdoctor.com/stylemanuals.)

If necessary, each group can create a personalized style sheet to document where style choices differ from the adopted style manual. This process, however, can be costly and bloody.

Of course, everyone can play Frank Sinatra’s “I did it my way” at review meetings, but for those who want a coherent, consistent style, these steps outlined above will be helpful.

Read upcoming blog  entries for more information about each style manual, including my opinions on each .

Don’t kill the Oxford (serial) comma

The arguments never stop: Those who have no brains are trying to kill the Oxford (serial) comma.

[NOTE: The "frickin" in the second paragraph is no relative of mine.]

Navy Seals, please take out the Associated Press Stylebook next!

I just finished editing a 500-page proposal for a company who follows the journalists’ style manual, the Associated Press Stylebook (AP). AP stresses that writers should NOT use a comma before the conjunction in a series (known widely as a serial comma). For example, in this sentence, the final comma is a serial comma: “The end result was a premier golf course community on 225 acres of oak groves, open prairie, and marshlands.”

To be fair, AP does allow the serial comma for a “complex series.”

Here are the three main complaints that I have about the AP position on the serial comma:

  1. Of all the most popular style manuals, AP is the only one who does not require the serial comma.
  2. AP requires the author or editor to stop and make a decision about the complexity of a series of items. All the other style manuals allow authors and editors to just use the comma and save time and brain cells for more important issues in writing.
  3. A series without a serial comma may be confusing to the reader: “I ordered a hamburger, fries, cookies and ice cream.” [Is cookies and ice cream one product or two?] The serial comma would clarify that.

So, please, Navy Seals, can you just delete this provision from the AP Stylebook? It may not be as dramatic as recent successes, but it will save a lot of comma terror in America.

A rapid uncontrolled and disorganized rhythm.

The Yahoo! Style Guide

I just learned of the Yahoo! Style Guide online (you can buy it for $14.95 on Amazon). The online version has some interesting quick links; I was fascinated by their word list (is it 24/7 or 24-7?) You can download their list and start adding to it yourself, which would make you look very consistent in your writing.

I would suggest that this style guide might be best for people writing for the Web (yes, that’s right: Capitalize the word Web when a noun, but lower case it when combined with other words such as webcam, weblog, webpage). If you are writing in technical fields, such as medicine or engineering, that have their own style guides, of course you’ll follow those.

The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers

Recently, a client required me to edit their medical manuscript to the style manual Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (7th edition). This style manual, published by the Council of Science Editors in 2006, might be of interest to people who write and submit articles in all scientific disciplines, especially chemical, microbial, plant, zoological, genetic, and medical sciences. To quote the preface: “This manual’s content on special scientific conventions is generally organized according to a rising scale of dimensions, starting with the fundamental units of matter and proceeding up through chemical and cellular components, microorganisms and more complex organisms, to the planet Earth and the rest of the universe” (p. ix).

In my role as a medical editor, I believe the AMA Manual of Style (American Medical Association) is more appropriate for my work, but the CSE certainly might be more appropriate for other scientific disciplines.

If you need to use the CSE citation style, these two websites are among several which offer “cheat sheets” to make your task easier:

Ohio State University cheat sheet on citation style

Dakota State University cheat sheet on citation style

You might also be interested in a thoughtful and very complete review of the CSE by Geoff Hart: http://www.geoff-hart.com/articles/2007/CSE-guide.htm.

Finally! The Gregg Reference Manual is online!

I just discovered that the Gregg Reference Manual: A Manual of Style, Grammar, Usage, and Formatting, 10th edition is online. For the last 30 years, I’ve touted this book as a good reference for people who want to make sure their technical and business writing is correct. Now, the print-based text is online at www.gregg.com vs. $51.07 for the book at Amazon.com).

I forked over the $14.75 for an annual subscription and am glad that I did. The site seems fairly stable and functional. You can access the pages by search, by Table of Content links, and by index links. You can view the pages as single or double (the way you would if a book were open). The double page seems best for navigation and the single page best for closer reading. You can highlight sections and the highlighter remains even when you close your browser and open it up again.

Considering the cost of the book and the fact that it is revised about every 5 years, the $15 per year would cost more than the book…but hauling that book around is a nuisance for me and I think the online version may be faster to use. I’m still pretty sure I’ll look things up in the book as well.

If anyone else subscribes to the online version, please share your experience with it.